It’s easy to get confused when you hear the word “stroke.” Your mind probably goes straight to a medical emergency involving the brain. But did you know that heat stroke, while still a medical emergency, is different from a stroke? In this Q&A, Marisa Sosinsky, MD, explains what makes these two conditions unique and the red flags you don’t want to miss.
Q: What's the difference between a stroke and heat stroke?
Dr. Sosinsky: While both are medical emergencies, the causes and symptoms for each are unique. A stroke is caused by a clot or a ruptured blood vessel that disrupts blood flow to the brain. Heat stroke, on the other hand, occurs when your body simply can’t manage the heat, and your body temperature elevates to dangerous levels. This can be very common during the summer in Arizona.
Q: Are the symptoms different for each?
Dr. Sosinsky: Yes, the symptoms are different and knowing the difference between each can save lives. A stroke injures your brain and causes abrupt neurological symptoms like sudden weakness or difficulty speaking. Heat stroke is more about your body’s reaction to extreme heat with symptoms that include feeling faint, headache, confusion or dizziness.
Q: Is there a connection between the two?
Dr. Sosinsky: Yes. Even though they are different conditions, heat stroke can increase your risk of having a stroke. When your body gets too hot, it can raise your blood pressure. That stress can increase the risk of a blood clot or bleeding in your brain. Heat stroke also increases the risk of organ failure.
Q: What can I do to avoid heat stroke?
Dr. Sosinsky: Prevention and staying aware of your surroundings is key to enjoying the Arizona sun safely. Remember:
- Hydration is your best friend; drink plenty of water.
- Take breaks in cool or shaded areas.
- Wear loose, light clothing if you’re out in the heat.
- Take it slow and listen to your body.
- Avoid intense activity during peak heat hours (usually between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.).
Q: What should I do if someone is experiencing a heat stroke?
Dr. Sosinsky: Act fast because time is of the essence, just like with a neurological stroke.
- Call 911 immediately — this is not something to wait on.
- Get them to a cooler place, like an air-conditioned room or in the shade.
- Start cooling them down with cool, wet cloths or immerse them in cool water if you can.
- If the person is conscious and able to drink, give them fluids — preferably water.
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