Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a legitimate worry – rates are on the rise with 20 million new infections every year.
You need to be aware of the risks, symptoms and treatments for STDs, and see your gynecologist if you think you may have caught one. While STDs are out there, "there are things you can do to minimize your risk," says Khai Ling Tan, MD, a gynecologist and independent member of the HonorHealth Medical Staff.
STDs are more common than you think. You should seek treatment if you're experiencing symptoms, and make regular STD testing part of your overall healthcare plan.
Common STDs include syphilis, gonorrhea, HIV/AIDS, herpes, chlamydia, hepatitis B, trichomoniasis and the human papillomavirus (HPV). The most common is HPV – a family of 40 different viruses. They're classified as either low- or high-risk. The most common symptoms of low-risk viruses are genital warts, bumps and/or itching. The high-risk strains usually present with abnormal Pap test results and carry a higher risk of cervical cancer later in life.
Other common symptoms of STDs include abnormal vaginal discharge, pain during urination or sex, and physical changes in the genitalia. Keep in mind: Just because you don't have symptoms doesn't mean you don't have an STD. That's why regular testing is so important.
Annual exams are key
An annual well-woman exam is one of the most important things you can do to protect your sexual health. Your doctor will do a physical examination of the pelvic area, and the internal and external genitalia, to look for any abnormalities.
You should also have a Pap test, where the doctor takes a small sampling of cells from your cervix to screen for cervical cancer. This test will also show if you have HPV or other STDs. Pap tests are recommended starting at age 21, regardless of sexual activity, and every three years after until age 30, then every five years if the Pap test shows normal cells and HPV testing is negative. Screening should continue until age 65 or 70, depending on the individual. Your doctor will advise you on how frequent you need to have a Pap test based on your individual case.
Other things you can do to reduce your risk of STDs is to practice safe sex: Be aware of your partner's sexual history and use protection. While condoms are very good at protecting against most STDs, they aren't as effective when it comes to HPV. That's why Dr. Tan and the American Cancer Society recommend the HPV vaccine.
Since talking about STDs can be uncomfortable or awkward for many, your gynecologist may proactively start the discussion. They will ask about your sexual history, current relationship status, sexual preferences and what you use for protection, and offer to do STD testing as part of your routine exam.
This is the time to be totally honest. If your gynecologist doesn't bring it up, you should. Let them know about any health concerns or questions you may have. The only wrong question is the one not asked.