A mammogram might feel like a big step, but it’s all about giving you peace of mind. It’s one of the most important tools for breast cancer screening, but if you're heading in for one, you might be wondering what to expect — and what comes next.
Breast health expert Janice Angeles, DO, HonorHealth Cancer Care, walks you through what to expect during your mammogram and how follow-up tests help give you the answers you deserve.
Prep made simple
“Preparation for your mammogram doesn’t have to be stressful," says Dr. Angeles. "Together, we’ll make sure you’re confident and ready for your appointment.”
These tips will help you feel prepared and at ease:
1. Schedule your appointment
For your first mammogram, schedule it after your period ends when breasts are less tender. Avoid the week before your period, as sensitivity may increase.
2. Check your insurance coverage
Confirm that your insurance covers the mammogram and any additional tests, especially if you might need an ultrasound or MRI.
3. Avoid these products
On the day of your appointment, avoid using deodorant, lotion or powder on your breasts or underarms, as these can leave residues that affect X-ray results.
4. Wear comfortable clothing
Wear a two-piece outfit, as you’ll be asked to undress from the waist up for the exam. Most offices have you put on a gown or robe to cover up.
5. Know your health history
Be prepared to share any personal or family history of breast cancer or any previous breast surgeries with the technician to help guide the imaging process.
Behind the scenes
A mammogram is a quick, simple procedure that takes about 20 minutes. Your breast will be gently compressed between two plates to capture X-ray images. It may feel uncomfortable but not painful. The technician will adjust the machine to get the best views. Afterward, a radiologist reviews the images for any unusual findings. If all looks normal, you're done and can continue with your day.
Beyond the mammogram
“In some cases, your mammogram might show something that requires a closer look,” says Dr. Angeles. “That’s when follow-up tests like ultrasounds or MRIs may come into play.”
Ultrasound
Ultrasounds help differentiate between solid masses and fluid-filled cysts, which may appear similar on a mammogram. This non-invasive test uses sound waves to create breast images. If you have dense tissue, ultrasounds offer a clearer view, as dense tissue can obscure issues on a mammogram. The procedure is quick, painless, and involves applying gel to your breast while a small device (transducer) is moved over the area.
MRI
An MRI is a detailed imaging test often recommended for women at higher risk of breast cancer or when further investigation is needed. A contrast dye is injected to highlight areas of concern, helping your doctor better detect abnormal growths or masses that may not be visible on mammograms or ultrasounds. It’s typically used for those with a family history or other risk factors.
“Additional tests may seem intimidating,” says Dr. Angeles, “but they’re just tools to give your healthcare provider a clearer picture of your breast health.” Many women undergo follow-up tests that show no cause for concern. If something is found, these tests help your doctor catch potential issues early, which is crucial for effective treatment.
What happens next?
After any follow-up tests, your doctor will review the results and discuss next steps. If something suspicious is found, they may recommend a biopsy to examine a tissue sample. “Remember, additional tests don't always indicate something serious,” says Dr. Angeles. “They're just a thorough way to ensure nothing is overlooked.”
Getting a mammogram is an essential step in taking control of your breast health and knowing what to expect can make the process easier. Whether it’s a routine checkup or further screening, you’re taking proactive steps to protect your health — and that’s something to feel good about.
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